compulsive liars
(standalone post spun off from a conversation with @more-whales)
I knew several compulsive liars in my childhood and teen years. I had multi-year friendships or acquaintance-ships with all of them, and as a result, I spent a considerable amount of time in my formative years talking to compulsive liars. (To be concrete, I’m thinking mainly of three specific people here; there are also a few others who I either knew much less well, or who I wasn’t as sure about.) It occurs to me that this is probably not a universal experience, and now I’m wondering if/how it shaped my attitude toward lies and deception.
N.B. I know almost nothing about how actual psychologists use the term “compulsive liar.” I attached the term to this type of person merely because I’d describe the behavior to, say, my parents, and they’d say “sounds like a compulsive liar.” But the type itself is very distinctive, whatever you call it – these three people shared a whole lot of traits. So when I say “compulsive liar” I’m really referring to “this type of person I’ve learned to recognize.”
Here are some noteworthy traits that these people shared:
(1) Their lies tended to involve claiming they had abilities or experience they didn’t. Particularly if those things would make them seem badass or cool, but it was more all-encompassing than that. In virtually any conversation, whenever some topic was broached, they would quickly assert or imply that they had expert-level knowledge of it, or (if it was not the sort of thing you could be an “expert” in) that they had lots of relevant experience. They would do this even when it could be easily disproven, or when it seemed obvious (at least to me) that everyone would figure they were bullshitting.
An example I mention because it’s funny and because it shows how this extends even to really trivial stuff: in middle school one of these people noticed I was reading a book subtitled “Understanding Japanese Animation,” and immediately said “I understand Japanese animation” (in a tone that connoted “if anyone does, it’s me”). The claim is too subjective for me to say it’s a lie per se, but it seemed odd, given that I’d never heard him talk about any anime besides DBZ, and hadn’t gotten the impression he had any interest in anime or Japanese culture (or cared about being seen as someone who did). He was just acting on the “always claim expertise” reflex, as always.
(2) They would lie much more often than a rational-but-amoral person would. They would lie even when the risks seemed to greatly outweigh the potential rewards, and about very trivial things where the potential rewards were negligible or nonexistent. Their reasons for lying seemed unrelated to the sort of “success” that a more ordinary person might want out of a lie. For instance, they seemed very indifferent to whether their lies were actually believed by others. I remember a conversation where I said something about Latin class, and the guy immediately claimed that he knew Latin well (see point 1) – and then, without any prompting from me, started trying to talk about some Latin phrase in a way that made it obvious he knew nothing about Latin grammar. If he had really intended to make me think he knew Latin, he could have just not done that.
(3) If confronted with evidence that suggests they are lying, they will adapt their story to the evidence, but will never actually “come clean” by saying “yes, I was lying about XYZ” where XYZ was exactly the thing they were lying about. They will avoid “coming clean” (i.e. expressing the precise truth about the lie they told) even if this means retreating to embarrassingly flimsy excuses, and will even pointlessly add lies while admitting their earlier ones, as if trying to make sure they have not made full contact with the truth.
Example: one guy (the guy from the Latin story, not the anime story) had a thing of claiming that his house contained various cool, implausible facilities, like “a sword forge” and “a recording studio.” A friend of mine, who had a band, once asked the guy if he could use his studio. The guy said yes, and invited my friend to get off the bus at his stop and enter his house. The guy directed my friend to an empty room and claimed it was the studio.
“Where’s all the equipment?” my friend asked.
“Oh, it’s all in the shop for repairs,” the guy said.
Months later, my friend (who had figured the guy was bullshitting) asked the guy “hey, what’s up with your studio equipment? Still in the shop?” The guy said yes.
(That story doesn’t have the “pointlessly adding lies” element, but it captures the basic idea.)
I suspect that my experience with these people might have made me more tolerant of lying, in certain ways.
Let me clarify. I’m not saying I’m OK with this behavior pattern. I don’t know anyone like this right now (as far as I am aware!), and I’m glad. Talking to these people was often unpleasant, and usually very, very boring: you have to carry on whole conversations about claimed things/capacities/experiences you don’t believe in, or which you have no particular reason to believe in. You’re basically LARPing with the person, which can be fun, but only if you happen to like the LARP premise they’re using and like it enough to overcome the gross feeling of complicity with their deceptions. (It’s usually socially inappropriate to pounce on everything someone says as a potential lie, and a very high proportion of the things these people say have some element of untruth, so just by acting in a socially normal way, you are complicit in a sense.)
And yet, I did spent a lot of time with these people. Sometimes it was because I had no better options (e.g. they took the same school bus and I preferred their company to none). But sometimes I’d talk to them when I had other options, because I thought it was “worth it.”
Why? Because although the average compulsive liar is not (as they claim) more badass and proficient than other people, they are also not less badass or proficient than other people. Every compulsive liar I’ve known – like every person I’ve known – has had some actual strengths and interesting qualities, along with all the fake ones. I was friends with the guy from the anime story because he was smart and creative and the kind of larger-than-life schoolyard figure who’s always doing something funny or cool. Sure, he claimed he’d done all sorts of cool shit he almost certainly had not done. But if you were there and he was there, he probably was doing cool shit. What was I to do, ignore the guy on principle?
Likewise, the “music studio” guy did not have a music studio, but he did know a thing or two about music: he was, actually, a talented jazz pianist. He was the pianist for my high school’s well-regarded jazz band, and although I never heard him play, I heard good things from reputable people. After high school, he (actually) went to Berklee, possibly the top college in the US for jazz performance. He was a year or two ahead of me, and I remember a day when he came back to give a talk for one of my classes about what college was like. Nothing he said was out of the ordinary, but he spoke with his usual bombast, and acting on old reflexes I skeptically evaluated each statement he made. But in any event he was at Berklee and he was good at jazz piano.
I think these experiences gave me a pragmatic attitude toward liars and bullshitters: I rule no one out on principle, and can play along with lies which I know are lies if I think the cost-benefit still comes out in my favor. I think the tolerance for people lying in certain recognizable ways is particularly important. If I know that someone likes to bullshit about their accomplishments, I will mentally discount whatever they say about their accomplishments, but I won’t instantly decide their word is valueless, or ignore them when they direct me to cool stuff that is independently verifiable. Unlike (I think) some people, I don’t see trustworthiness as one-dimensional, but as situation- and topic-dependent. Knowing that someone likes to tell tall tales at the pub doesn’t instantly invalidate their professional publications, say, or their sworn legal testimony.
The flipside of this pragmatic attitude is that I can be as intolerant (or moreso) of highly implicit deception as I am of outright lies. For example, I find it exasperating to talk to people on the internet who have a “been everywhere, done everything, seen it all” attitude (this is more common on the internet because usually no one knows your IRL life story in much detail). These people very rarely outright lie – they just make sweeping pronouncements on whatever topic is at hand, in a way that implies they have the expertise/experience that would be needed to ground those pronouncements.
Even when I can’t catch these people saying outright falsehoods, they still remind me of the compulsive liars of my youth; there’s the same feeling that I am playing along with their LARP just by engaging with them. They’re LARPing as thousand-year-old vampires (post not endorsed, just linked for the concept), but they don’t have a thousand years of experience to draw on, and may well be drawing on a narrower range of experience than I am. This is a LARP I don’t enjoy playing along with, and there is nothing that makes these subtle deceivers categorically worse to me than the Known Liar, caught red-handed with full substantiating documentation.
The Known Liar can be just as bad, if their well-documented lies are representative of a sufficiently bad pattern. But I just … don’t treat people as “trustworthy” until the shocking evidence of a Known Lie emerges. I decide case-by-case when I can trust a person and when I can’t, and nod along to bullshit if and when it’s worth it.

